Classical Mechanics Notes: These are well-written notes by Muhammad Usman Hamid. Easy-to-understand classical mechanics.
Classical mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects, from everyday objects to celestial bodies, under the influence of forces. It is one of the oldest and most fundamental branches of physics, developed over centuries by scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and others. Classical mechanics provides a framework for understanding the motion of objects and predicting their behavior.
Newton’s Laws of Motion:
- First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
- Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon the object and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. Expressed as (F = ma).
- Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. If object A exerts a force on object B, then object B simultaneously exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on object A.
Principle of Conservation of Energy:
- Energy is conserved in an isolated system. The total energy, including kinetic and potential energy, remains constant unless acted upon by external forces.
Equations of Motion:
- Differential equations that describe the motion of objects under the influence of forces.
Work and Energy:
- The work done on an object is equal to the change in its energy. This is expressed by work-energy theorem.
Rotational Motion:
- Classical mechanics also includes the study of rotational motion, angular velocity, and torque. This is particularly important in understanding the motion of objects that rotate, such as wheels, planets, and celestial bodies.
Nonetheless, classical mechanics remains a fundamental and widely applicable framework in physics.
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Classical Mechanics Notes